Intervention Study II: Long-term Effect of Rye Bread based diet on Subjects with Prostate Cancer
Jie-Xian Zhang, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Purpose
This intervention study aims to investigate the impact of bread containing whole grain rye and rye bran on prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer subjects. Furthermore, associations between dietary intake of alkylresorcinols (potential biomarkers of whole grain rye intake), tocopherols/tocotrienols and lignans and their respective urinary excretion and blood concentrations are investigated.
Subjects
Subjects clinically diagnosed with prostate cancers were volunteered to participate the experiment. Experiment was performed in ?rebro on out-patient basis. Subjects were randomised into two experimental dietary groups according to reception order with a pre-made randomisation protocol in a cross-over manner.
Dietary consultation
Dietary instruction for the intervention periods was given to the subjects before the subjects decided to participate in the study. A 4-day dietary registration was made before and at the end of both experimental intervention periods for each subject.
Protocol for the experiment
Rye bran products and controls
bread based dietary period:
Rye bran soft bread, whole grain rye crisp (hard) bread, rye bran flakes and rye bran porridge mixture (Rye bran and rye flour).
bread based control dietary period:
Wheat cellulose soft bread, wheat cellulose crisp (hard) bread, white cereal mixture and white porridge mixture (Cornflakes, puffed rice and vitacel flakes); (Mannagryn and vitacel flour).
Dietary arrangement
| Breakfast | Either 2.5 dl low fat sour milk + flakes or low fat milk + porridge mixture, 20g fruit jam, 2 pieces of hard bread, 2 slices of soft bread, 20 g Becel (margarine), 1 piece of smoked, salted horse flesh or 15 g soft whey cheese, 20 g cheese (17 % fat), Coffee or tea |
| Break | 20 g Becel (margarine), 1 piece of smoked, salted horse flesh or 15 g soft whey cheese, 20 g cheese (17 % fat), Coffee or tea |
| Lunch | 1 portion potato (175 g), 5 meat balls (1/2 portion), ½ dl meat juice, 75 g vegetables, 3 pieces of hard bread, 15 g Becel (margarine), 2 dl soft drink |
| Break | Coffee or tea, 1 piece soft bread, 10 g soft cheese (17 % fat) or 15 g soft whey cheese |
| Dinner | Either 2 dl low fat sour milk + flakes or low fat milk + porridge mixture 2 pieces of hard bread, 1 slice of soft bread, 10 g Becel (margarine), 10 g cheese (17 % fat), 10 g Ham or smoked, salted |
| Break | Coffee or tea, 1 piece soft bread, 10 g soft cheese (17 % fat), or 15 g soft whey cheese |
| Additional | 1 fruit (apple, orange, banana, or pear) |
Observation
Blood levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA, a tumour-associated biomarker); Dietary intake of tocopherols / tocotrienols, and lignans (matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol); Plasma levels of tocopherols / tocotrienols, and lignans.
Present Status
The dietary intervention periods were finished. Samples were taken and being analysed. Data are being collected and evaluated.